Summary
This thesis includes three main chapters:
Chapter one: Includes principles of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis Spectroscopy) and flow injection analysis (FIA) with a general introduction of Mefenamic acid (MFA) and Amoxicillin (AMX), and a review of methods used for determination of MFA and AMX such as spectrophotometric, FIA, and other methods.
Chapter Two: involves batch and flow injection spectrophotometric determination of MFA in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods were based on the oxidative coupling reaction of MFA with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and 4-Amino phenazone (4-AP) in basic medium to form a redish-orange color product, which gives the maximum absorption at 496 nm. In the batch method Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.5 – 20.0 µg mL-1 and detection limit of 0.0405 µg mL-1 with a correlation coeffecient (r) of 0.9995 and a molar absorptivity of 41904 L mol-1 cm-1.
The flow injection analysis (FIA) system was applied for the determination of MFA. The calibration graph was linear under the optimum conditions in the concentration range of 0.5 – 35.0 µg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.00048 µg mL-1 with a correlation coeffecient (r) of 0.9991 and a sampling frequency of 150 S h-1.
The accuracy and precision of both methods were checked by calculating relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (%E) for three different levels of concentration. Possible interferences that related to the determination of MFA in pharmaceutical formulations were studied and the results showed that the method
was successfully applied for determination of MFA in pharmaceutical formulations.
Chapter three: describes batch and reverse-flow injection spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin (AMX). The methods were based on oxidative coupling reaction of AMX with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and 4-Amino anti-pyrine (4-AAP) to form a red color product, The absorbance was measured at 507 nm. In the batch method Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 1.0 – 30.0 µg mL-1 and detection limit of 0.365 µg mL-1 with a correlation coeffecient (r) of 0.9989 and a molar absorptivity of 43829 L mol-1 cm-1.
A reverse FI-spectrophotometric system was applied for the determination of AMX depending on the batch method. A calibration graph gives linear range of 0.5 – 40.0 µg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.00011 µg mL-1 with a correlation coeffecient (r) of 0.9986 and a sampling frequency of 120 S h-1.
Essential parameters such as accuracy and precision were studied for the two methods by calculation of (RSD) and (%E) for three different levels of concentration. Possible interferences that related to the determination of AMX in pharmaceutical formulations were studied and the results showed that the method was successfully applied for determination of AMX in pharmaceutical formulations.
5-12-2016