Summary

Cardiovascular disease is the main reason for mortality in developed and developing nations. Atherosclerosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality, more people died in the Kurdistan region of cardiovascular diseases. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine (PTD) are implicated in vascular disease. This study aims to investigate advanced glycation end products in coronary atherosclerotic patients and to investigate the relationship between CML and PTD with Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and, low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Eighty individuals were taken at Surgical Specialty Hospital – Erbil Cardiac Center. The present study included 50 patients (25 females and 25 males) diagnosed by coronary angiography who had stenosis (diameter >50%) as the patient group. As a healthy group blood samples of 30 individuals (18 females and 12 males) were taken who had no stenosis. The patient and healthy groups were aged (37-77) years old. Blood sample collections started in September 2021 and finished in November 2021.
The results of this study showed that the mean serum levels of advanced glycation end products (CML and PTD), oxidative stress parameters (MDA and NO), and antioxidant parameters (SOD and CAT) in patients with atherosclerosis are significantly decreased when compared to the healthy group. Whereas, the mean serum levels of CH, TG, LDL, and VLDL in patients with atherosclerosis non-significantly increased compared to healthy groups. On the other hand, the mean level of serum HDL is non-significantly decreased compared to the healthy group.
The data of this study showed that there are significant positive correlations between CML and MDA, NO, and SOD. The p values for MDA (p= 0.0016), NO (p= 0.0079), and SOD (p<0.0001). There are non-significant positive correlations between serum CML and CAT, CH, TG, HDL, LDL, and VLDL which p values for CAT (p= 0.3146), CH (p= 0.3104), TG (p= 0.5063), HDL (p= 0.1759), LDL (p= 0.2791), and VLDL (p= 0.8301). These data show that there is a significant positive correlation between PTD and LDL (p = 0.0403). Even though there are non-significant positive correlations between serum PTD with MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, CH, TG, HDL, and VLDL. The p values are (0.0574, 0.7067, 0.8715, 0.1332, 0.0936, 0.3131, 0.3513, and 0.1609), respectively.