Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Quality and Quantity of Two Olive Cultivars in Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Summary
This study was conducted during the growing season 2015, to evaluate the effect of climate, soil and water properties on the growth and physiological properties of two olive cultivars (Sorani and Khudhairi( in Erbil, Halabja and Duhok governorates, to assess the yield and physiological properties of both olive cultivars under different environmental conditions. The differences between olive cultivars and among the locations were compared by applying Least Significant Differences (LSD) and Duncan Multiple Comparison tests at significance levels (P≤0.05 and 0.01), respectively. However the Simple Correlation Analysis was used to estimate the relationship between the climate, soil, water properties and physiological properties of olive.
The results were summarized as follow:
1. According to growing degree days; Erbil, Halabja farms classified as (V) degree day hot regions , while Duhok farm classified as (IV), the growing degree day values were (4370.4, 4176, and 3686.4) for Erbil, Halabja and Duhok, respectively.
2. Significant positive correlations were recorded between olive yield and each of wind speed and rainfall.
3. The yield of olive cultivars in studied locations was decreased with increasing temperature during the growing season.
4. The soil organic matter of Duhok, Erbil and Halabja were (20.6, 19.9 and 18.7 g.kg-1), respectively, according to the present study the soils were nearest to rich organic matter.
5. The oil contents of olive fruits (334.44, 328.41 and 328.05 g.kg-1) were recorded in Erbil, Duhok and Halabja, respectively.
6. The Sorani cultivar produced a higher oil content which attained (343.2 g.kg-1).
7. According to IWQI values, the studied water of Erbil and Halabja were classified to Moderate restriction (MR), while Duhok water was classified to High restriction class (HR).
8. Positive correlation was recorded between potassium in water and each of protein in fruit, and yield with correlation coefficients (r=0.62, and r=0.63), respectively.
9. The highest oil and protein contents (334. 44g.kg-1 and 287.3g.kg-1) were produced by Sorani cultivar in Erbil and Halabja olive farms, respectively.
10.The weight of 100 fruits, seed weight and flesh weight were significantly affected by cultivars, the highest weight of 100 fruits, seed weight and flesh weight (375.81, 75.92 and 301.31g), respectively were produced in Khudhairi cultivar.
11. The higher value of, leaf area, leaf relative growth rate, leaf biomass duration, leaf weight, total chlorophyll and total nitrogen were (0.50 cm2.leaf-1 , 0.13 g.cm-2.day-1, 8.50 g.day-1, 0.14 g, 1.50 mg.g-1 and 17.52 g.kg-1) were recorded in Khudhairi.
Posted : 05/02/2017 Sunday